Category: <span>Divorce</span>

Getting a Divorce in California. Divorce

Getting a Divorce in California? Your Step-by-Step Guide

One of the hardest parts about getting divorced is actually making the decision. Once you’ve made that emotional commitment, though, you might be left wondering what happens next? 

If that sounds like you, then you’re not alone. Divorce can be a daunting process—particularly if it’s your first time. Each step has its own rules, regulations, and timelines, which must be followed correctly if you want the best results. 

To help you get started, here’s what you need to know about how to get divorced in California, and what Maples Family Law can do to help you navigate each of these important steps. 

 

Getting a Divorce in California.

How to Get Divorced in California

No two relationships are ever the same; this means that breakups aren’t, either, and your process will vary, according to what type of divorce you choose, as well as your own particular needs. 

That being said, most California divorces will require you to take these eight basic steps:  

  1. Meet state and county residency requirements.
  2. Establish your grounds. 
  3. File the correct paperwork with your county clerk. 
  4. Execute proper service on your spouse. 
  5. Wait for a response. 
  6. Endure California’s mandatory waiting period.
  7. Attend either a settlement hearing or a trial.
  8. Receive your final divorce order.

Here’s a closer look at each phase, and what you can expect from each one. 

Step #1: Residency Requirements

You can’t file for divorce in California, unless you live in California. Hence, before you file for divorce, you should double check to make sure you meet the residency requirements.  

In California, this means that at least one of you must have been a resident of the state for six months, prior to filing. (On the county level, this requirement is three months). 

Exception: Same sex spouses may have this residency requirement waived, if: 

  • Their marriage took place in California; and,  
  • Neither spouse lives in a state that recognizes same sex marriage. 

In other words, if a same sex couple wants a divorce—but they live in a state that doesn’t recognize their union—then California courts are willing to grant them a divorce, so long as  the marriage originally took place in California. 

 Step #2: Establish Grounds

The next step is to determine what grounds you want to file under. 

In legal speak, divorce grounds are essentially the reason you want to get divorced. They tell the court why you want to dissolve your marriage, and are a required part of your divorce complaint.

Luckily, California has long since done away with the toxicity of fault-based divorces. This means you simply need to choose from one of two, no-fault divorce grounds: 

  1. Irreconcilable differences; or, 
  2. Permanent legal incapacity. 

While both are no-fault options, the second requires proof of expert medical or psychiatric testimony as to the incapacity. Hence, most California couples choose to file under irreconcilable differences, since it’s much simpler. 

Step #3: File Paperwork

Once your divorce complaint is finished, you will need to file it (and any subsequent documents) with your county clerk. Part of this step includes paying a filing fee. 

While filing fees vary by county, in California, it’s typical for it to cost somewhere between $435-$450. If you’ve hired an attorney, then they’ll likely take care of this for you, using funds from your retainer account. 

Mistakes can be a headache, causing unnecessary delays and additional expense, so be sure to review your paperwork carefully, before filing anything. 

Step #4: Execute Proper Service 

Due process is a legal concept that—among other things—gives someone the right to defend themselves in court. In order to uphold this important principle, you will need to notify your spouse that you’ve filed for divorce. 

Keep in mind, however, that a casual text or phone call won’t cut it here. In order to be valid, this notice must be carried out a certain way—a process known as proper service. 

Most of the time, this is done by having someone other than yourself hand-deliver copies of your divorce paperwork to your spouse. However, other options are available in situations where that isn’t feasible. 

Step # 5: Wait for Response

Once you’ve successfully executed proper service on your spouse, your spouse will have thirty days to file an answer with the court.  

An answer is a legal document that addresses the terms laid out in your original divorce complaint, and it typically arrives in one of three ways. For example, your spouse may: 

  1. Respond by agreeing to all of your terms. 
  2. Respond by disputing the merits of some or all of your claims (and offering subsequent counter arguments, in return). 
  3. Not responding at all. 

Most California defendants fall under option two; however, if your divorce is uncontested, then it may be category one. The last option (not responding at all) is the least common of all the response methods, and will generally result in a default divorce. 

Step: #6: Mandatory Waiting Period

Unfortunately, even if your spouse agrees on everything, you still won’t be able to just up and get a divorce the next day. Indeed, according to California law, couples who file for divorce must undergo a mandatory six-month waiting period, before their split can be finalized.  

This unofficial “time out” acts as a cooling off period, and gives couples the opportunity to reconcile (which actually happens more often than you might think). However, just because a judge can’t finalize your divorce, doesn’t mean you have to be idle.

Waiting periods are a good time to try an out of court negotiation process, such as divorce mediation, or collaborative divorce. These alternative dispute resolution methods are less expensive than a full trial, and offer couples a lot more flexibility in determining the terms of their final order. 

While it’s sometimes possible to finalize things before six-months are over, most divorces take an average of eight months to a year to fully complete. 

Step #7: Settlement Hearing or Trial

After the waiting period, you and your spouse will need to attend either a settlement hearing, or start preparing for trial.

If your out-of-court negotiations were successful, then your agreement (including important issues like alimony, property, and debt) will be codified into what’s known as a settlement agreement.

This document is then presented to the judge for formal approval, which will take place during your settlement hearing. So long as your agreement meets all the mandatory requirements (for example, child support minimums), judges typically have no problem signing it into a final order.  

If your negotiations were not successful, however, then you and your spouse should begin preparing for trial—assuming you haven’t done so already. At trial, your judge will hear arguments and review evidence presented by both sides, and make decisions on your behalf. 

Trials are (by far) the least appealing way to get a divorce, since they are much more expensive, time consuming, and offer the least amount of control over decision making. Hence, we suggest doing whatever you can to make mediation successful, and avoid it altogether. 

Step #8: Receive Your Final Order

A final decree encompasses all the terms of your divorce, and—once signed and authorized by your judge—it means you are officially no longer married. 

You will receive this final order at the end of either your settlement hearing or divorce trial (whichever you ended up doing). Once received, you’ll need to file a copy with the county clerk on your way out. 

The terms contained in a final order are not optional. Failure to comply with them can result in some serious legal and/or financial consequences, including contempt of court, so it’s best not to test the limits.

If you are having a legitimate problem complying with your order, then it’s best to speak to a family law attorney about your options, since you may be able to modify it.

Do You Have Questions About How to Get Divorced in California?

Nothing is ever quite as daunting as staring down the uncertainty of an oncoming divorce. And while this process is sure to have its ups and downs, the good news is that with an experienced family law attorney, it may not have to be as bad as you’re thinking. 

For more questions about how to get divorced in California—including what that might look like in your situation—we want to hear from you. Call the Maples Family Law team at (209) 910-9865 or get in touch online, and let us help you make this important life transition.

Getting a Divorce in California. Community Property

Who Gets the Rings in a California Divorce? Learn…

Learn how California laws determine who keeps their rings after a divorce. Get answers to common questions about engagement versus wedding ring ownership and community versus separate property, while learning to protect your interests with Maples Family Law.

Anna Y. Maples, Family Law Attorney Explains

Who Gets the Wedding or Engagement Rings if You Divorce in California?

Thanks to clever marketing, diamonds, and engagements are practically synonymous. The sparkle of a diamond ring has become a symbol of love, commitment, and the promise of a future together. It’s no wonder that Americans invest significant sums in these precious gems, with the average engagement ring costing over $6,000, and many couples spending significantly more (Vogue Magazine).

However, with divorce rates hovering around 50%, the question arises: Who gets to keep the rings (both wedding and engagement) in a California divorce? This question often leads to heated disputes and emotional turmoil, as these rings carry immense sentimental and financial value.

In California, the issue of ring ownership in divorce isn’t as straightforward as it may seem. While there are no specific laws governing this matter, the courts generally consider rings to be separate property, belonging to the person who received them. However, exceptions can arise, particularly when rings are family heirlooms or purchased with community property funds.

This article explains how California courts handle community property ownership and how Maples Family Law can help you navigate the process of dividing your community and separating property interests. 

Now, let us examine, who gets the rings in a California Divorce.

Is the Ring a Gift or a Contract?

Divorce Checklist - Are Divorce Records Public in California. Who gets the rings?

Two main arguments surround engagement rings: Is it a gift, or a contract? Regarding wedding rings, it is community property, unless it fits certain criteria listed below. 

  • Gift: If it’s a gift, the recipient owns it outright once they say “yes.”
  • Contract: If the ring is part of a verbal contract (marriage), a broken promise could mean the giver gets it back.

So, which is it?

Community Property vs. Separate Property:

California is a community property state, and gifts are usually separate property. But what about engagement or wedding rings after marriage?

  • Community Property: In California, property acquired during a marriage is generally considered community property and is subject to equal division in a divorce.
  • Separate Property: Separate property includes assets owned by each spouse before the marriage, gifts received during the marriage, and inheritances. These assets typically remain with the original owner in a divorce. 
  • The Verdict Is: It is this category that an engagement ring will likely fall, as once the marriage is valid, the contract for the gift mentioned above has been filled. 

Who Gets the Rings:

  • Conditional Gift: While an engagement ring is technically a gift, it’s often seen as a conditional gift, contingent upon the marriage taking place. If the marriage doesn’t occur, the ring typically goes back to the giver.
  • After Marriage: Once the marriage occurs, the engagement ring generally becomes the separate property of the recipient. This holds even in a divorce, as most California courts consider it a completed gift at that point.

Exceptions:

There are a few situations where an engagement ring might not be considered separate property outright:

  • Family Heirloom: If the ring is a family heirloom with significant sentimental or historical value, a court might award it to the family it originated from.
  • Prenuptial Agreement: If a prenuptial agreement specifically addresses the ownership of the engagement ring, its terms would prevail.
  • Commingling: If the ring is sold and the proceeds are commingled with community property funds, it could potentially lose its separate property status.

Conclusion:

In the majority of divorces in California, the engagement ring remains the separate property of the recipient spouse. However, consulting with a qualified family law attorney is crucial to fully understand your rights and options regarding any specific property in a divorce proceeding.

Are you Divorcing? You may need help dividing the community and separating property!

California’s law is clear, but there can be exceptions. If you’re facing a breakup and need to determine who gets the engagement ring, contact Maples Family Law. We can help you understand your rights and options.

Contact Anna Today

If you are facing a family law matter in Stockton, CA, don’t navigate it alone. Take the first step towards a brighter future. Contact Family Law Attorney Anna Maples today to schedule a confidential consultation

Call us at (209) 910-9865 or contact us online for a consultation.

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Navigating the Storm of Divorce. Divorce

Divorce Stress: How 2 Navigate the Storm

Divorce is one of life’s most stressful experiences. The emotional turmoil and significant life changes can leave individuals feeling overwhelmed and vulnerable. Understanding the most common sources of stress during divorce can better prepare you to cope with this challenging period.

Emotional Health During Divorce

1. Emotional Turmoil

The end of a marriage often triggers a rollercoaster of emotions – sadness, anger, guilt, fear, anxiety, and loneliness are just a few. These emotions can be intense and unpredictable, making it difficult to function normally. The loss of companionship and the shattered dreams of the future can lead to feelings of grief and despair. If you find yourself having emotional difficulties, this is normal. However, you may sometimes need to seek help outside of your attorney when dealing with the complex emotions that arise during and after your divorce. If this is the case, you may want to consider seeing a marriage and family therapist or counselor to help you navigate the emotional landscape that occurs during a divorce.

2. Financial Strain

Divorce often leads to a significant decrease in financial resources, especially if a spouse is financially dependent during the marriage. Legal fees, dividing assets, and establishing two separate households can create considerable financial strain. Furthermore, the fears associated with financial uncertainty can create a snowball effect because financial insecurity affects nearly every other life domain including relational, physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. Working with a team, including your family law attorney, financial planner, and a personal well-being coach or therapist can help you navigate the stressors commonly associated with the burdens financial stress can create. 

3. Child Custody Battles

For couples with children, child custody battles can be one of the most stressful aspects of divorce. The legal process, the emotional impact on the children, and the fear of losing time with them can cause immense anxiety and stress for both parents. Many times, child custody problems also lead to issues around support and other financial stressors listed above. When facing child custody and support problems, it is imperative to hire a competent attorney who is well-versed in the complexities of family law matters. That is where our team at Maples Family Law can help.

Divorce entails a complex and often intimidating legal process involving paperwork, court appearances, and negotiations. The need to protect legal and financial interests can lead to emotionally charged negotiations, contributing to the stress associated with divorce. Individuals should assess their strengths and seek assistance from professionals to navigate the legal complexities and emotional challenges of divorce successfully.

 

6. Coping with Stress During Divorce

While divorce is undeniably stressful, there are ways to cope and navigate this challenging period:

Seek Legal Guidance: Consult with an experienced divorce attorney to understand your rights and navigate the legal process.

Seek Professional Help: Therapists can provide emotional support and coping strategies.

Build a Support System: Lean on friends, family, or support groups for understanding and encouragement.

Practice Self-Care: Prioritize sleep, exercise, and healthy eating to maintain physical and emotional well-being. Listen to inspirational Podcasts or read inspirational blogs to help you understand and navigate your emotions while creating a new direction for your life. 

Focus on the Future: Set goals and visualize a positive future to maintain hope and motivation.

7. Conclusion

The most common sources of stress during divorce include emotional turmoil, financial strain, child custody battles, and legal complexities. Emotional turmoil involves a rollercoaster of emotions like sadness, anger, and loneliness. Financial strain arises from decreased resources, legal fees, and establishing separate households. Child custody battles can be incredibly stressful, involving legal processes and emotional impact on children. Legal complexities, including paperwork and negotiations, can also contribute to stress.

Coping mechanisms include seeking legal guidance and professional help, building a support system, practicing self-care, and focusing on the future.

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Divorce Attorney in Stockton, California Divorce

8 Steps to Get a Divorce in California: The…

Guide 4 Divorce in California

Considering a divorce in California? You will want to know what the process entails. Dissolving a marriage can be a complicated process, but with the help of an experienced family law attorney, it can be much easier.

This blog post will outline steps 1 through 4 of the 8 steps you need to take to get a divorce in California. Remember that every situation is unique. Always consult an attorney before undertaking any legal proceedings.

Getting a Divorce in California

 

Overview of California’s 8 Steps

No two relationships are ever the same. This means that breakups aren’t, either, and your process will vary according to what type of divorce you choose and your particular needs. 

That being said, most California divorces will require you to take these eight basic steps:  

  1. Meet state and county residency requirements.
  2. Establish your grounds for divorce. 
  3. File the correct paperwork with your county superior court. 
  4. Execute proper service to your spouse. 
  5. Wait for a response. 
  6. Endure California’s mandatory waiting period.
  7. Attend either a settlement hearing or divorce trial.
  8. Receive your final divorce order.
  9. Here’s a closer look at the first four steps and what you can expect from each. 

Step #1: Residency Requirements

You can’t file for divorce in California unless you live in California. Hence, before you file for divorce, you should double-check to ensure you meet the residency requirements.

You must live in California for at least six months and in the county where you plan to file your divorce petition for three months before filing. If you don’t meet these residency requirements, you will not be able to move forward with your divorce until you do. 

Step #2: Establishing Your Grounds for Divorce

California is a no-fault divorce state. A no-fault divorce means that neither spouse can blame the other for the dissolution of the marriage. The most common reason cited is irreconcilable differences. In a no-fault divorce, all that needs to be proved is that the marriage is “irreparably broken” and that there is no hope for reconciliation.

Step #3: File the correct paperwork with your county Superior Court.

After determining your grounds for divorce and meeting the residency requirements, you must file the correct paperwork with your county superior court. You will need to file a Petition for the Dissolution of Marriage and any other required forms. Once you have filed these forms, you will need to pay a filing fee. The cost can vary depending on your county.

Step #4 Execute proper service to your spouse.

After you have filed your divorce petition with the court, you will need to “serve” your spouse with the papers. You must give them a copy of the petition and other required forms. You need to have someone at least 18 years old, and not a party to your case serve the necessary documents.

Your First Steps

This article explored four preliminary steps to obtaining a divorce in California. Look out for the following article, where we will outline what to expect after the response, the mandatory wait time, the settlement hearing/divorce trial, and the divorce order. 

Remember, divorce can be complicated. At times, one party may not be ready for a divorce. In that case, it may be beneficial to seek pre-divorce therapy with a licensed psychotherapist experienced in marital therapy. However, divorce may be your only option if you have thoroughly exhausted with your spouse the use of psychotherapy. Nevertheless, counseling can help you bridge the gap often found in contested separation cases. team can help you navigate the confusion of divorce, the division of property, spousal support, and the numerous other questions that arise during this challenging time in life.

 

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Divorce

Divorce Litigation in CA

Divorce Litigation in California

Divorce Litigation in CA

In California, divorce litigation is a type of contested divorce. This process takes place in an official courtroom setting, where both spouses have the opportunity to make arguments and present evidence before a judge (usually through an experienced family law attorney). 

Unfortunately, divorce litigation takes a lot longer than other types of divorce. It’s also more expensive, and offers less control over the outcome, meaning it’s not always the best option, for those who have other choices. 

To help you get started, here’s what you need to know about divorce litigation in California, how it compares to other types of divorce, and what Maples Family Law can do to help you navigate these important matters. 

Contested Divorce and Litigation

Divorce litigation (or, “divorce trial”) is a type of contested divorce, which takes place in a formal courtroom setting—complete with judge, gavel, and surely courtroom bailiff. 

In contrast to an uncontested divorce, “contested” divorce simply means that you and your spouse disagree about how to resolve the terms of your split. It doesn’t have to be emotionally toxic, and can still be amicable.  

Because of its cons, litigation is usually the last stop on the divorce train; a place couples go only after exhausting all other options. When this happens, litigation is initiated by one party filing a divorce complaint. Couples will then begin preparing for trial through a process that’s known as “discovery.” 

At trial, spouses present this discovery evidence before a judge, and make arguments that support their side of the case. Most of the time, these arguments are made through a trusted, family law attorney (though, representation isn’t technically required).

Issues to Settle During Divorce Litigation

Unless you have a valid prenuptial agreement to speed things along, there will be a lot of unresolved issues to sort out, during your divorce trial. 

Some of these questions include how you’re going to:  

  • Divide bank accounts;
  • Assign marital debt;
  • Handle the family home;
  • Split retirement and investments; 
  • Resolve child custody; 
  • Pay child support;
  • Schedule visitation; and,
  • Allocate spousal support.

During your trial, each of these topics will be carefully discussed, argued, and sometimes even analyzed by outside expert witnesses, until a decision can be reached on each one. 

How long all that takes will vary between couples, but it’s not uncommon for divorce litigation to last for months—even years. 

After Divorce Litigation

Once each issue is settled, the terms of your divorce will be compiled into a final divorce order (which you will need to file with the clerk).  

A divorce order contains a listing of every decision made during your trial. It summarizes your negotiations, and outlines how you’re supposed to handle things like property division, child custody, alimony, moving forward. 

In general, spouses have very little say in what goes into a final order. Instead, judges make their own determinations, and you’ll be required to abide by the outcome—whether you like the terms or not. 

Divorce Litigation: Pros and Cons

All divorce types have pros and cons, and litigation is no different. Before starting your journey, we suggest getting familiar with this list, to see whether a trial is right for your situation. 

Litigation Pros

With so many cons, it’s easy to forget that litigation also has its perks. For instance:  

  • You have no obligation to compromise. 
  • You don’t have to communicate with your spouse.
  • The law is applied impartially, and without emotion or bias.
  • Children are better protected from potentially harmful situations.
  • Judges can subpoena hard-to-reach information out of your spouse.   

In short, litigation alleviates you from having to strong-arm your spouse into cooperation. Instead, the California judicial system does that for you. 

Litigation Cons

Court trials are often glamorized on T.V. In reality, though, litigation has a lot more cons than pros. 

Case in point, during divorce litigation:

  • Everything takes more time. 
  • You’re at the mercy of an overworked, overbooked, judicial system. 
  • You’ll spend more money than you think. 
  • You’ll have less control over the outcome. 
  • You might not like the judge’s decisions. 
  • The environment is emotionally toxic.
  • You’ll be more stressed. 
  • Your children will have a harder time coping. 
  • The transition to your family’s new normal will be harder.  

In short, litigation is time-consuming, emotionally draining, and comes with a fairly hefty price tag that almost everyone would be better off without. Drawbacks that make litigation one of the least desirable ways to get divorced. 

How to Make Litigation Better

Despite the downsides, in some situations, divorce litigation might be your only option. Hence, to help your trial go faster (and run more smoothly), here are three tips you should keep in mind. 

1. Come to Court Prepared

Being prepared can go a long way to making your process run like clockwork. This means coming to court ready to participate in the day’s agenda. It means doing your research. Having all your documents together. And never missing a deadline. 

Preparation saves valuable time in the courtroom, keeps cost to a minimum, and helps mitigate the chances of unexpected surprises cropping up at a future date.

2. Don’t Dig in Your Heels

Technically, you don’t have to compromise during litigation (after all, that was one of the perks, right?) That being said, just because you don’t have to, doesn’t mean you shouldn’t.  

Couples who dig in their heels and argue about every little thing are the ones most likely to end up with years-long divorces. Not only does this back and forth drag down your timeline significantly, it also drives up your bottom line, and creates an incredibly toxic environment that’s hard on everyone—especially young children. 

At the end of the day, your judge is going to make decisions, with or without your cooperation. However, engaging in thoughtful compromises can go a long way toward securing a quicker resolution. 

3. Avoid Litigation at All Costs 

Finally, we hate to be the bearers of bad news and all that, but in all seriousness? The best way to make divorce litigation better is to simply avoid it, altogether. 

Contrary to what Hollywood might have you believe, litigation is not the only way to dissolve a marriage—in fact, it’s probably the worst. Because despite its few benefits, no other process is as time-consuming, expensive, or aggravating as a divorce trial. 

That’s why, rather than heading straight to the bench, we recommend you try an alternative method of dispute resolution, first. 

Two examples of this are mediation and collaborative divorce. Each of these processes takes place out of court, is faster, less expensive, and gives the spouse more control over the outcome. With so many benefits (and very drawbacks), there’s no reason to at least try one of these methods, before heading to trial.

If you’re unsure, an experienced family law attorney can help figure out if one of these methods would work better for your situation. 

Are You Preparing for Divorce Litigation in California?

Trials might not be all they’re cracked up to be, but if you’re unable to reach an agreement outside of court, you might not have other options. Luckily, with the right attorney, your day at court doesn’t have to be as stressful as you might be thinking. 

For more questions about divorce litigation in California—and what other options you might have—we want to hear from you. Call the Maples Family Law team at (209) 989-4425, or get in touch online, and let us help you through this important life transition. 

Inspiration and Hope from Dr. Thomas Maples

Dr. Thomas Maples is a business development consultant for Maples Family Law. His podcast, A Sacred Journey, Inspiration VLOG, and Blog are a free resource open to all who need a little help navigating life difficulties.

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What is a Divorce Settlement Agreement?

Divorce Settlement Agreement

What is a Divorce Settlement Agreement?

Never, in the history of love, has ever been two relationships that were exactly the same. As a result, no two divorces are identical, either. This is why, when it comes to divorce, you’ll have options. 

In California, there are several different types of divorce, and not all require a trial. Indeed, couples who can communicate and compromise need only draft a settlement agreement (and submit it to a judge for approval), in order to get divorced. 

A divorce settlement agreement is an agreement couples reach on their own, which encompasses the terms of their split. Because it’s faster, less expensive, and more flexible than litigation, this method is an attractive option for divorcing couples.

Here’s what you need to know about divorce settlement agreements in California, and what the Maples Family Law team can do to help you with yours. 

What is a Divorce Settlement Agreement?

A divorce settlement agreement is a legal document that represents the decisions reached by a couple during their out of court divorce negotiations. Its purpose is to document these decisions, and to outline how the couple would like to proceed, moving forward. 

Some of the topics outlined in this agreement might include things like: 

  • The division of marital property; 
  • The assignment of debt responsibility; 
  • The terms of child custody and visitation; 
  • The delegation of child support; as well as,
  • The duration and allocation of alimony.

In addition, settlement agreements provide a way for spouses to change their last name, should they choose to do so. 

Because this document is drafted outside of court, it’s much faster and less expensive than a contentious litigation process. In addition, couples have a lot more deference in determining the outcome of their own fate. 

How to Get a Settlement Agreement?

In order to get a settlement agreement, you and your spouse must be able to… well… settle the terms of your divorce outside of court. (A.K.A. Without a judge breathing down your neck.) 

This can be done via a couple of different options, with most popular being: uncontested divorce, mediation, and collaborative divorce. In some cases, you might even reach a settlement while preparing for divorce litigation (say, if your judge offered you one last chance to settle, before opening your trial). 

Once finalized, a divorce settlement agreement must be signed and notarized by both spouses. But—while it might look, act, smell, and think in much the same way—it is not technically not the same thing as a final divorce order. 

At least not yet…  

Settlement Agreement Transformation

Like a wiggly, green caterpillar, a validly executed settlement agreement contains all the necessary ingredients to become a beautiful butterfly (or, in other words, your final divorce order). However, neither can reach their final destiny without one last, important step. 

For a butterfly, that step is a chrysalis. For your settlement agreement, it’s judicial approval. 

According to California family law, this approval is critical, and simply having a settlement agreement will not be enough to finalize your divorce. And, without finalization, the terms you so carefully negotiated will not be enforceable. 

With judicial approval, however, your itty green caterpillar transforms, changing from settlement agreement into a final divorce order, with fully enforceable terms. 

Will a Judge Approve My Agreement?

As a general rule, judges don’t usually have a problem approving an agreement that a couple comes up with on their own. (After all, they’re overworked and swamped, so if spouses agree, who are they to fight it?)

There are, however, a few things that could hold up this approval, and before giving blanket approval to your terms, your judge will likely pause to check for the following: 

1. Residency Requirements

No matter what type of divorce you choose, couples who want a California divorce must meet the residency requirements. 

At the state level, this means one of you must be a resident for at least six months; in addition, most counties will require at least three. (Although, there are a few limited exceptions.)  

2. Best Interest of the Child

California family law requires that all child custody decisions be made according to a child’s best interest. Hence, your judge will be checking to make sure your proposed parenting plan is the one that will best serve your child’s long-term health and happiness.  

If something isn’t right, your judge will likely send you back to negotiations with suggestions on how to revise. If you and your spouse cannot agree on the fix, then the judge will simply make the revisions for you. 

3. CA Child Support Guidelines 

Part of your custody evaluation will include a thorough analysis of your child support arrangements. 

In California, certain minimums must be met, in order to receive approval. This is true, even if you and your spouse agree on what the amount should be. An agreement that does not meet these minimums will not be approved. 

4. Property Division

California family law states that any division of marital property must be “just and right.” While there’s a little subjectivity involved in determining exactly what that means, we can say for certain that if it looks disproportionately skewed to one side or the other, your judge will not approve the split. 

In addition to having to renegotiate the terms, a skewed arrangement could also arouse suspicions of undue influence, undisclosed assets, or even emotional abuse. Hence, it’s better to simply make the division fair the first time. 

5. Representation 

While attorneys are not required in California, the presence of them is often a good indication that the agreement was fair. Things get a little iffy, however, if neither one was represented, or, if one spouse had an attorney and the other didn’t.  

Generally speaking, spouses should not be sharing an attorney during this process. (It creates a conflict of interests.) To ensure both sides are fairly and earnestly represented during divorce, each individual should be represented by their own, independent attorney. 

What Happens if I Change My Mind?

Changing your mind before a settlement agreement is signed is perfectly fine; during negotiations, either side can change their mind for any reason, at any time. When this happens, spouses will simply resume discussions with the new information in mind. 

If you change your mind after the agreement has been signed, however, that’s a different story. 

The whole purpose of a settlement agreement is to document the terms of a negotiation; a way to lock your decisions into place, so no one can go back later and call foul. As a result, once you sign the document, it’s pretty difficult to change.  

After signing, you’ll only have a limited amount of time to rescind before there’s nothing your attorney can do. This is done by filing a motion with the court, and showing your judge why changes are necessary. 

Once your divorce has been finalized, though, there’s almost nothing you can do. Unless you can show undisclosed property, undue influence, or fraud. In these situations, the court may reopen the case and rescind the agreement. Otherwise, your only option will be to file a motion to modify. 

Do You Need a Divorce Settlement Agreement in California?

When you get divorced, there are a lot of things you’ll be required to do. Thankfully, however, going to court isn’t one of them. 

If you have more questions about divorce settlement agreements—and whether one might work for your situation—we want to hear from you. Call the Maples Family Law team at (209) 989-4425, or get in touch online, and together, we can figure out which type of divorce that’s right for you. 

Inspiration and Hope from Dr. Thomas Maples

Dr. Thomas Maples is a business development consultant for Maples Family Law. His podcast, A Sacred Journey, Inspiration VLOG, and Blog are a free resource open to all who need a little help navigating life difficulties.

More from Dr. Thomas C. Maples

Divorce

Why Do I Need an Attorney?

The jury results are in, and the verdict is clear: hiring an attorney is the most expensive part about getting divorced. And not just by a little, either—by a lot. 

Between retainers, hourly fees, and other expenses, the price of a good divorce attorney isn’t cheap. And with no concrete way to tell exactly how much your divorce will cost (or how long it’ll take), this leaves many potential clients wondering if they’d be better off not hiring an attorney, altogether. 

Unfortunately, this would be a mistake. Because while it’s impossible to tell you exactly what your attorney will cost, what we can tell you is that it will almost certainly be worth it. 

For those wondering, “Why do I need an attorney?”, here’s what you need to know about representation, why it’s so important, and what Maples Family Law can do to help you with this important decision. 

 

Why Do I Need an Attorney?

The short answer to this is: you don’t. 

According to California family law, you do not have to have an attorney in order to get a divorce. You and your spouse are free to duke things out on your own, draft your own settlement agreement, and can even head to trial without backup. 

However, like a lot of things in life, just because you can doesn’t mean you should. 

Part legal rights advocate, part therapist, and part divorce trail guide, an attorney is a critical part of any successful divorce squad. And heading into this journey without one would be kind of like sending Frodo on to Mt. Doom without the help of trusty Samwise—or worse, Gandalf.

Hence, whether you are engaging in divorce mediation, collaborative divorce, or want to explore the treacherous path of divorce litigation, here are six reasons why you really do need an attorney. 

 

1. Reducer of Stress

First and foremost, attorneys reduce stress. 

Just like you don’t have to worry about things like speed limits when your Über driver is at the wheel, an attorney’s job is to take over legal navigation. When you hire one, you no longer have to worry about all the nitty-gritties of your journey (like deadlines and paperwork and filing fees). Instead, your attorney worries about that for you, freeing up your mental bandwidth, so you can focus on more important things.

 

2. Communication Buffer

Once you have an attorney, your spouse will be obligated to go through them if they want any information. This means you no longer have to feel obligated to answer your spouse’s call, or to engage with them in pointless, circular, emotional discussions. 

The only exception to this, is if a judge initiates a temporary order (about, say, property or child custody), which may require you to occasionally coordinate with one another. Baring the bare minimum required by your judge, however, there’s no other reason you ever need to feel obligated to answer a call or text. 

 

3. Divorce Law Rosetta Stone

Let’s be real, here: divorce law is complicated. The jargon is formal, stilted, and filled with enough long, run-on sentences to drive anyone insane.  

Luckily, family lawyers have gone a few rounds in the ring with this type of language, and can now read legal jargon as easily as a child’s bedtime story. Which is great, since it means you don’t have to!

An attorney can help you interpret the law, and apply it to your unique situation in a way that actually makes sense. This will, in turn, save you a lot of time, money, and stress, since there will be a lot of formal information to ferry between parties along the way. 

 

4. Divorce GPS

That education will be good for more than just translating the law… it’ll also be helpful when applying it. Because—believe it or not—when it comes to divorce, you have options. 

In California, your first choice will be what type of divorce you want; but the decisions won’t end there. Indeed, your journey will be filled with crossroads, and each choice will have a different result. However, it can be hard to feel right about a decision, when you have no idea where each one leads. 

This is where experience comes into play. As one who’s seen it all (or, at least, a lot of it), an attorney is like a really great trail guide—or that GPS app you can’t live without. They help you understand how each choice will affect your divorce, and guide you toward the path that will achieve the best results. 

 

5. Top-Notch Paper Pusher 

Paperwork is one of the biggest headaches about divorce—and a huge offender of delays and setbacks. 

First off, there’s figuring out which divorce paperwork you need. Next there’s filling then out—which lines you don’t want to miss and what supplemental information you’ll need—and that’s not even getting into where you have to file them and how much you’ll have to pay when you do.

Hiring an attorney is a stress-free fast past to paperwork made easy. Sure, you’ll need to provide information and do the actual signing, but that’s about where it stops. Not only will your attorney make sure you’re filling out the right paperwork, they’ll also make sure it gets filed, too. 

6. Risk Mitigation

When it comes to divorce, there are a lot of things that can go wrong. Filing the right paperwork is one of them, but there are also discovery deadlines, financial disclosures, service proofs, and, in some cases, even protective orders that you have to worry about. 

All of these things need to be handled within a certain timeframe, and according to very specific protocol. And failure to follow these protocols will—at the very least—result in fines and delays. At most, then can result in a default judgment, the relinquishment of parental rights, or a significant loss of property.  

These types of mistakes are avoidable, but only if you know what to watch out for. When you don’t, they can often be costly—sometimes impossible—to reverse. Hence, instead of playing Russian roulette with self-representation, it’s better to hire an attorney. 

The right representation mitigates risk by steering you around common pitfalls, not only saving you time and money, but safeguarding your rights, as well. 

 Wrapping it all Up

While almost every divorce could benefit from an attorney, not everyone will need the same type of services. 

For example, a couple that’s chosen an uncontested divorce certainly won’t need the same attorney involvement as a divorce trial. Similarly, spouses with a prenuptial agreement will probably be just fine with mediation.

That being said, all of these couples could benefit from attorney involvement. Just how much, however, depends on your unique circumstances. 

A good attorney is the one who caters their legal strategy to fit your needs. They are one who respects your time, your wants, and—perhaps especially—your budget, fighting tirelessly for your rights within whatever parameters you set. 

Do You Need A Divorce Attorney in California?

If you have more questions about divorce attorneys in California—and how one might be able to help with your situation—we want to hear from you. Start your divorce process out right by calling Maples Family Law at (209) 989-4425, or get in touch online, and let us help your divorce go as smoothly as possible. 

Divorce

Proper Service

Marriage involves a shared legal interest in things like property, debt, and child custody, which is why when you file for divorce, you can’t just cross your fingers and hope your spouse gets the memo about when and where to show up.

Instead, California courts will require you to notify your spouse of your actions through a specific set of steps known as “proper service.” This ensures both sides have ample time to prepare for divorce, and are given the opportunity to be fully involved. 

Here’s what you need to know about executing proper service in California, and what our team at Maples Family Law does to help you with this important step. 

What is “Proper Service”?

You might have already heard, but in the U.S. legal system, due process is kind of a big deal. This important personal right ensures your interests are properly represented, and that you have a chance to defend yourself in front of a judge, when someone takes legal action against you. 

That’s why when you file for divorce, you have to notify your spouse—and not just any old text message will do. Instead, you have to execute this notification properly.  

“Proper service” (or “service of process,” as it’s sometimes called), is the formal notification method for telling your spouse that you’ve filed for divorce. This info alert is a required part of filing for divorce in California, and is typically accomplished by hand delivering copies of divorce paperwork to the other party.

Proper service is mandatory. Failure to follow the correct process puts your case at risk of being thrown out, and can cause frustrating delays. Which is why it’s best to make sure it’s done right the first time. 

How to Execute Proper Service in California

In California, executing proper service involves delivering copies of divorce paperwork to your spouse. However, in order to be valid, things have to be done “properly,” including: 

  1. Proper paperwork 
  2. Proper server 
  3. Proper process 
  4. Proper proof

Here’s a look at each of these, and how to make sure they’re done… well… properly. 

1. Proper Documents

First, you’ll need to make sure you’re delivering the right documents. In California, this usually means copies of all your divorce paperwork, such as your: 

  • Petition for Divorce
  • Summons 
  • Property Declaration
  • Declaration Under Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act
  • Child Custody and Visitation (Parenting Time) Application

You’ll also want to throw in a few blank divorce forms, including: 

  • Response—Marriage/Domestic Partnership
  • Declaration Under Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act

With these documents collected, you can then move on to the next step: choosing your courier. 

 

2. Proper Server

Naturally, proper service can’t be carried out by just anyone—you need the right one.

Luckily, the qualifications aren’t very strict, so you’ll have a lot of options to choose from; however, there’s one very important person who cannot serve papers: you. That’s right. In California, you cannot be the bearer of your own bad news. 

Instead, the notification must be carried out by someone who is: 

  • Over eighteen;
  • Not a party to the case; and,
  • Is identified by name and address on the return of service form.

Servers in California do not need to be licensed. Hence, you can choose just about any adult friend or family member to deliver paperwork for you. (Just make sure they’re responsible enough to complete and return proof of service.) 

 

3. Proper Process

California has several delivery options to choose from; however, the most common—by far—is hand delivering documents to your spouse. 

To do this, your courier simply needs to: 

  • Meet with your spouse at any location; 
  • Identify their purpose (to deliver divorce papers); 
  • Leave paperwork with them; and, 
  • Return proof of service to the clerk.  

If a spouse refuses to accept paperwork, servers are permitted to leave documents on the ground in front of the person.

Other methods of executing delivery include: 

Mail—must be done via certified mail, and include two blank copies of Notice and Acknowledgement of Receipt. 

Substituted Service—occurs when a process server leaves papers at the person’s residence or workplace. 

Publication—carried out by printing a notice of the divorce in a major newspaper in the responding spouse’s last known location for four weeks. 

Posting—when notice of the divorce is posted at the courthouse. 

Generally speaking, hand-delivering divorce papers is the best and most widely used method of delivery. Alternative methods shouldn’t be used unless you have no other option. 

4. Proper Proof

Finally, don’t forget to have your server return proof of delivery to the court. 

In California, this proof comes in the form of a completed Proof of Service form. This written affidavit tells the court how, where, and when divorce documents were delivered, and must be signed and returned by your server, in order to conclude proper service.

After Proper Service

Your spouse will have thirty days to respond to your divorce paperwork. However, even if they don’t, your hearing will still go forward as planned. (Since, you know, California isn’t going to make you stay married, just because your spouse refuses to engage.) 

Instead, your judge will simply enter a default judgment in your favor. 

A default divorce grants a petitioner everything they asked for in their original complaint, and essentially operates as though the other party had agreed to everything. 

Obviously, this is not a great situation to be in. Hence, if you’ve been properly served with divorce paperwork, it’s best to simply speak to a family law attorney about what your options are, moving forward.

 

Do You Need Help with Proper Service in California?

Improper service can cause expensive time delays in your divorce process that no one wants; which is why it’s so important to get it right the first time. Luckily, an experienced family law attorney can help you do just that 

If you have more questions about how to execute proper service in California, and what that might look like in your situation, we want to hear from you. Call the Maples Family Law team at (209) 989-4425, or get in touch online, and let us worry about the filing logistics so you don’t have to.  

Divorce

Final Divorce Order

Divorce involves a lot of really important decisions. Which means that—between dividing property, divvying up child custody, and figuring out mortgages (not to mention, family pets)—you’ll have a lot to keep track of, post-divorce. 

Luckily, there’s one document that’ll have all the answers: your final divorce order. 

A final divorce order is a legal document containing all of the decisions made during your divorce. Once approved by your judge, these terms are non-negotiable, and are fully enforceable under California law. 

Here’s what you need to know about final divorce orders in California, and how Maples Family Law can help you get the best results possible. 

 

What is a Final Divorce Order?

In California, a final divorce order (or “divorce decree”) is a document that formally ends your marriage, and is something you’ll receive at the conclusion of your divorce proceedings. 

Not to be confused with a “divorce certificate” (which merely acts as proof of your marital dissolution), a divorce decree is a judicial order that contains a summary of all the decisions made during your divorce, including all of the rights and responsibilities that will govern your post-divorce life.

Since every divorce is different, no two final orders will look exactly the same. However, some of the items that may be addressed in your final order could include: 

Since a decree is essentially just a summary of your divorce negotiations, these terms shouldn’t surprise you. (If they do, then you should probably notify your attorney, immediately). 

Exactly how much control you have in deciding these terms can actually vary significantly, however, depending on what type of divorce you choose.  

 

Divorce Types and Divorce Orders

There are some things about a divorce order that are simply non-negotiable (such as child support minimums, which are set by California law, and can’t be messed with). But there are other areas that you and your spouse can exert control over—some more than others, depending on how well you’re able to communicate—and the type of divorce you choose. 

Here’s a closer look. 

 

Uncontested Divorce

In California, the fastest way to a final divorce order is through an uncontested divorce. 

In this type of divorce, both spouses agree on all the major terms of their breakup, and, with nothing left to “fight” about, these couples can achieve a split by simply compiling their terms into a “marital settlement agreement.” 

To be valid, this agreement must be signed by both parties, and should address your collective decisions about property, alimony, and children (if applicable). At your hearing, a judge will review this paperwork, and incorporate the terms into a final divorce order (so long as your arrangement is fair to both sides). 

Although it’s the most direct path to a final divorce order—and offers the most control—this type of divorce generally only works for short marriages, those with very little property and no children.   

 

Divorce Mediation 

The next best thing to an uncontested divorce route, is through divorce mediation. 

Divorce mediation is an informal negotiation process that takes place outside of court, and is sometimes required if you have children. These meetings are supervised by a neutral, third party “mediator,” who acts as a referee, and helps couples reach a settlement without need of a judge.

If successful, the agreement you reach will be codified into a settlement agreement, and submitted to the court for review (much like in an uncontested divorce). In order to be binding, this document must be signed by both parties, and—for best results—should be overseen (and approved) by your trusted family law attorney.

A judge will review this agreement at your hearing, and—so long as it meets certain requirements (such as state child support minimums)—these terms will be incorporated into a final divorce order. 

Another alternative dispute method you might try is collaborative divorce. However, if neither of these options work, you’ll have to proceed on to a divorce trial. 

 

Divorce Litigation

Not only is litigation the longest route to a final divorce order, it’s also the least loved. This is because it’s—by far—the most expensive and time consuming of all divorces. In addition, this path offers couples the least amount of control over their final outcome, and is the most stressful and emotionally draining.  

In a divorce trial, both sides gather evidence, which will be presented to the court in an attempt to sway a judge one way or the other. Each and every issue—from property to alimony—must be settled this way. And, at the end of this laborious process, you are presented with a final divorce order that consists of decisions you had very little say in making.  

Hence, we suggest avoiding this route, if at all possible.

 

Enforcing a Final Divorce Order

You may not like them, however, once finalized, the terms of your final divorce order are non-negotiable. In California, divorce orders are fully enforceable, and failure to comply can result in some fairly hefty financial and/or legal consequences. 

Some of these consequences could include wage garnishments, fines, liens, arrests, jail time, and even contempt of court (a serious criminal charge that will go on an offender’s permanent record). 

Before you head back to court, however, try talking to your ex, first. Oftentimes, noncompliance is a result of a simple understanding, or else vague terms that need clarification, and can be resolved without judicial interference. 

If there are legitimate reasons things aren’t working, talk to your attorney about modifying your order. As a general rule, contempt of court should always be a last-ditch resort. 

 

Do You Need Help Finalizing Your California Divorce?

Divorce orders have a huge impact on post-divorce life. This document will govern important financial decisions, influence family dynamics, and affect you for years to come—even into retirement. Which is why it’s so important to make sure it’s drafted correctly, the first time around.  

If you have more questions about final divorce orders in California, we want to hear from you. Call the Maples Family Law team at (209) 989-4425, or get in touch online, and let us help you negotiate the best terms possible.

Divorce

How Much Does Divorce Cost?

So here you are. You’ve decided to get a divorce, but now you’ve got questions—a lot of them. Like, “Where do I even start?” and, “Should I hire an attorney?” and, perhaps the most worrisome of all, “How much does divorce cost, anyway?” 

Unfortunately, while a lot of these queries have straight forward responses, the answer as to how much your divorce will cost is a little less than satisfactory. In a nutshell? 

We don’t know.

The varying details between divorces make it virtually impossible to predict someone’s eventual bottom line. On the bright side, our team has seen enough breakups to know which divorce types are most likely to break the bank, and how you can be financially savvy.

Here’s what you need to know about how much divorce costs in California, and what Maples Family Law can do to work within whatever budget you have. 

 

Breaking Down the Cost of Divorce

You can’t keep down the cost of your divorce without first knowing what the costs are. This is especially important, considering how widely the arc of our divorce cost pendulum can swing. 

For example, in California, you can technically get a bare bones divorce for nothing more than a filing fee of $435 (assuming no one fights back, and there’s nothing to argue about, that is). Realistically, however, it’ll probably be a lot more, with some divorces easily racking up more than $50,000 for the same breakup. 

The first step to curbing these numbers is knowing where the costs are coming from. 

In general, there are four main areas that will keep you up sweating dollar signs at night:

  1. Your attorney’s initial retainer.
  2. Your attorney’s billable rate. 
  3. Paperwork filing fees.
  4. Expert witness rates. 

Here’s a quick peek at how each of these break down.

1. Attorney Retainer

A retainer is a large payment that you submit to your attorney, at the onset of your case. This money both reserves your attorney’s services, and acts as a kind of savings account, from which your attorney will draw from to pay expenses, as your case proceeds. 

In California, an initial divorce retainer can range anywhere from $3,000-5,000. Your attorney will use this money to pay for things like: 

  • Their own billable hours; 
  • The billable hours of any staff who work on your case;
  • Filing fees for documents submitted to the court; 
  • Compensation for any outside experts you call upon; and in some cases, 
  • Office expenses relating to your case. 

Different firms all have their own system of billing, which is why you should always take the time to thoroughly review your retainer contract, before signing anything. That way there won’t be any surprises. 

 

2. Attorney Hourly Rate

In California, most divorce attorneys charge an hourly billable rate. This amount typically ranges between $250-$400 an hour, and will vary based on where you live, and who you hire. 

“But wait!” you might be thinking. “Didn’t I already pay for my attorney? Wasn’t that what the retainer was for?” 

Sorry, but no. 

Remember, a retainer is just a reservation fee—an initial deposit, so to speak. While this money will go towards paying for your divorce, the biggest mistake you can make is in assuming that it will cover your whole divorce. 

In reality, you’ll almost certainly have to replenish this account several more times, before your case is over. (Especially when you consider that the average price tag on a California divorce is a cool $17,500.) 

 

3. Filing Fees

California might have some of the highest filing fees in the nation, but $435 to submit an initial divorce complaint suddenly doesn’t seem like very much, when you consider how much you’re going to spend, overall.

If you and your spouse file for an uncontested divorce, then this initial filing fee might be the only payment you’ll make. However, since this type of divorce doesn’t work for most couples, it’s much more likely you’ll have other filing fees crop up, as your divorce progresses.

The good news is if you’ve retained representation, then your attorney will take care of this cost for you (using funds from your retainer account). If not, you’ll be responsible for this cost—as well as the other logistics of filing for divorce—on your own.

 

4. Expert Witnesses

Depending on your situation, you may need to hire an expert witness. 

The cost of these professionals will swing dramatically, depending on what you need them for, and how much time they put into your case. Most work on an hourly rate, and—similar to attorneys—will require an initial retainer.

The most commonly used expert witnesses in divorce are forensic accountants. These professionals can be used to: 

These retainer fees typically start between $3,000-5,000, but can potentially be more, depending on the breadth and scope of the project. 

 

Tips for Keeping Divorce Costs Low

By now, you’ve probably realized that the easiest way to cut down the cost of divorce, is to just skip the attorney altogether. After all, we lawyers easily have the highest price tag, so… it only makes sense, right?

Wrong.  

Before you let these numbers scare you into a hasty, D.I.Y. divorce, remember that divorce laws are incredibly complex, and self-representation comes with a high likelihood of error. These mistakes can be incredibly costly—sometimes impossible—to reverse. Meaning that it’s almost always better to simply hire the attorney, and get it right your first time around.

If finances are a concern, there are much less riskier ways to cut costs during divorce. Here are just a few:

  • Educate yourself about California divorce laws (the library is a great resource).  
  • Do your own legwork (such as gathering documents and making copies for your attorney).  
  • Email your attorney, don’t call—calls take up more time, and time equals more billable minutes. 
  • Utilize legal assistants and paralegals as much as possible; they have a significantly lower billable rate and are almost always just as smart as your attorney. 
  • Negotiate calmly, and compromise liberally. 
  • AVOID LITIGATION AT ALL COSTS.

That last point is really important. 

Hands down, the single biggest thing you can do to avoid high divorce costs, is to avoid court, altogether. Instead, opt for an alternative method of dispute resolution, such as mediation, or collaborative divorce. 

Not only will these types of divorce save you a lot of time and money, but they’re also more flexible. This gives you the ability to set your own terms, rather than having them decided for you by the whims of an outside judge.

 

Do You Have More Questions About the Cost of Divorce in California?

While divorce might not come cheap, it also doesn’t have to be as bad as you might be thinking. With a little bit of planning, the right divorce type, and a willingness to compromise, it’s more than possible for couples to keep costs reasonable.

If you have more questions about how much divorce costs in California, and what this process might look like for your situation, we want to hear from you. Call the Maples Family Law team at (209) 989-4425, or get in touch online, and let us help you get divorced within whatever budget you have.

Anna Y. Maples Maples Family Law



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